Ruth Parasol's spokesman Jon Mendelsohn acknowledged that the chances had 'tipped too much toward the house', but attributed the problems to 'software flaws', not rigging. Shackleford stated that the 'results clearly showed they (the games) weren't fair'.
In the 1990s, Las Vegas consultant and actuary Michael Shackleford ran a computer trial of the first blackjack and roulette games offered by the company.
